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- <text id=93CT1780>
- <title>
- Mauritius--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Southern Africa
- Mauritius
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Portuguese sailors first visited Mauritius in the early 16th
- century, although the island had been known to Arabs and Malays
- much earlier. Dutch sailors, who named the island in honor of
- Prince Maurice of Nassau, established a small colony in 1638 but
- abandoned it in 1710.
- </p>
- <p> The French claimed Mauritius in 1715, renaming it Ile de
- France. Under the administration of the French East India
- Company, it became a prosperous colony. The French Government
- took control in 1767, and the island served as a naval and
- privateer base during the Napoleonic wars.
- </p>
- <p> In 1810, Mauritius was captured by the British, whose
- possession of the island was confirmed 4 years later by the
- Treaty of Paris. The British chose to administer the colony
- through the existing French establishment. French institutions,
- including French law, were maintained, and French is still used
- more widely than English. After slavery was abolished in 1835,
- indentured laborers from India brought an additional cultural
- influence to the island.
- </p>
- <p> As the Indian population became numerically dominant and the
- franchise was extended, political power shifted from the
- Franco-Mauritians and their Creole allies to the Hindus. The
- Mauritius Labor Party (MLP), drawing its strength primarily from
- the Hindus, was successful in the 1947 elections that determined
- representation in the newly created Legislative Assembly, as
- Mauritius took the first steps toward self-rule.
- </p>
- <p> Alone, or in coalition with other political parties, the MLP
- led the Mauritian Government from 1947 until June 1982. The
- party's independence campaign gained momentum after 1961 when
- the British agreed to permit additional self-government and
- eventually to grant independence. Despite opposition from
- Franco-Mauritian and Creole supporters of Gaetan Duval's
- Mauritian Social Democratic Party (PMSD), a coalition composed
- of the MLP, the Muslim Committee of Action (CAM), and the
- Independent Forward Bloc (IFB)--a traditionalist Hindu party--won a majority in the 1967 Legislative Assembly election. The
- contest was interpreted locally as a referendum on independence.
- </p>
- <p> Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, MLP leader and chief minister in
- the colonial government, became the first prime minister when
- Mauritius achieved independence on March 12, 1968. This event
- was preceded by a period of communal strife, brought under
- control with assistance from British troops.
- </p>
- <p>Current Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> In the 1976 elections, a new leftist political party, the
- Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM), proposing profound changes in
- political and economic policy, won a plurality of seats in the
- Legislative Assembly. However, the MLP with the assistance of
- PMSD, was able to form a coalition government. In 1979, three
- deputies were ousted from the MLP and formed the Mauritian
- Socialist Party (PSM), joining the MMM in the opposition.
- Meanwhile, six MMM deputies changed positions and voted with the
- ruling majority.
- </p>
- <p> In the 1982 election, three main political groups competed:
- the MMM/PSM alliance; the National Alliance Party (PAN),
- grouping the MLP, the Francois Group (a dissident party ousted
- from the PMSD), and the newly constituted Progress and Liberty
- Assembly (RPL); and the PMSD. The MMM/PSM alliance won a
- landslide victory by capturing all 60 directly elected seats in
- the Legislative Assembly representing the 20 constituencies on
- Mauritius proper. Aneerood Jugnauth of the MMM became prime
- minister.
- </p>
- <p> However, the new MMM/PSM coalition lasted only 9 months.
- Differences over economic policy led to a split in the MMM, and
- new elections were called in 1983. Prime Minister Jugnauth left
- the MMM and, together with the PSM, formed the Militant
- Socialist Movement (MSM). The new MSM joined with the PMSD and
- the MLP in a coalition to win 52% of the vote and 46 seats, a
- working majority. Jugnauth remained prime minister. The MMM
- alone won 22 seats and 46% of the vote, the highest total ever
- received by a single party in any Mauritian election. Two seats
- went to the OPR, which represents the island of Rodrignes.
- </p>
- <p> Later in 1983, Jugnauth was instrumental in having the MLP
- expelled from his alliance government, claiming its members were
- disloyal. Some former ministers of the MLP formed the Mauritian
- Workers Assembly (RTM) and remained in the governing coalition.
- Within a democratic structure, the ruling coalition experienced
- a series of political crises that threatened its tenure. The
- most serious challenge to the Jugnauth government emerged after
- the late 1985 arrest of four Mauritian parliamentarians in
- Holland on drug smuggling charges. Four ministers then resigned
- in early 1986 over Jugnauth's handling of the affair. The
- coalition was spared, and Jugnauth remained prime minister.
- Although not constitutionally required to do so before 1988,
- Prime Minister Jugnauth called for elections in August 1987. His
- coalition government (MSM/MLP/PMSD) was reelected over the
- MMM-led opposition alliance.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- August 1988.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-